Acacia confusa
naturalizedFabaceae

Acacia confusa

Taiwan Acacia

Naturalized (non-native)non-native

Introduced and now reproducing on its own in the wild.

Acacia confusa is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia. Some common names for it are acacia petit feuille, small Philippine acacia, Formosa acacia (Taiwan acacia) and Formosan koa. It grows to a height of 15m. The tree has become very common in many tropical Pacific areas, including Hawaii, where the species is considered invasive.

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summary via Wikipedia · CC BY-SA
Seasonality
23 flowering · 8 fruiting annotations · iNaturalist · fetched Jul 2026
JFMAMJJASONDpeak
■ flowering (peak May)■ fruiting (peak May)

This is an inference, not a schedule. The curve reflects when observers annotated flowering and fruiting — which tracks observer effort as well as plant behavior, and pools all elevations and islands into one signal. Hawaiʻi’s microclimates vary enormously; a species may fruit in January at sea level and June at elevation. Use this to know when to look, then look.

What works

Controlling Acacia confusa

From Weed Control by Species7 rows →

Best reported: IPA-Incision Point Application with 100% Mat 28 — one report from CTAHR/OANRP.

  1. 5.0IPA-Incision Point Application100% Mat 28AminocyclopyrachlorG41 report · 1 trial
    CTAHR/OANRP
    • 5successful. Recommended method · CTAHR/OANRP · trial · 2018-04-23

      Trial complete, 30 months. 4 cuts/tree, 0.5ml/cut. At 3 months, major defoliation on all trees. At 11 months, 2 of 4 trees dead. At 30 months, 4 of 4 trees dead. Suggest 1 cut/15-20cm.

      Size: trunk circumference 38-94.5cmHabitat: mesic
  2. 5.0girdle20% G4, 80% BiodieselTriclopyrG41 report · 1 observed
    OANRP
    • 5successful. Recommended method · OANRP · observed · 2020-03-10
  3. 5.0cut-stump20% G4, 80% BiodieselTriclopyrG41 report · 1 observed
    OANRP
    • 5successful. Recommended method · OANRP · observed · 2015-03-11
  4. 2.0IPA-Incision Point Application100% MilestoneAminopyralidG41 report · 1 trial
    CTAHR/OANRP
    • 2minimal satisfaction · CTAHR/OANRP · trial · 2018-04-23

      Trial complete, 30 months. 4 cuts/tree, 0.5ml/cut. At 11 months, 3 of 4 trees fully defoliated. At 30 months, no trees dead, and largest recovering (circum = 82cm). Higher doses may be effective.

      Size: trunk circumference 38-94.5cmHabitat: mesic
  5. 1.0IPA-Incision Point Application100% PolarisImazapyrG21 report · 1 trial
    CTAHR/OANRP
    • 1unsatisfactory results · CTAHR/OANRP · trial · 2018-04-24

      Trial complete, 30 months. 4 cuts/tree, 0.5ml/cut. At 30 months, no trees dead. Not effective. Not recommended.

      Size: trunk circumference 38-94.5cmHabitat: mesic
  6. 1.0IPA-Incision Point Application100% Ranger ProGlyphosateG91 report · 1 trial
    CTAHR/OANRP
    • 1unsatisfactory results · CTAHR/OANRP · trial · 2018-04-23

      Trial complete, 30 months. 4 cuts/tree, 0.5ml/cut. At 11 months, 1 tree defoliated. At 30 months, 4 of 4 trees recovering. Not effective. Not recommended.

      Size: trunk circumference 38-94.5cmHabitat: mesic
  7. 1.0IPA-Incision Point Application100% Garlon 4 UltraTriclopyrG41 report · 1 trial
    CTAHR/OANRP
    • 1unsatisfactory results · CTAHR/OANRP · trial · 2018-04-23

      Trial complete, 30 months. 4 cuts/tree, 0.5ml/cut. At 30 months, all 4 trees alive and recovering. Not effective. Not recommended.

      Size: trunk circumference 38-94.5cmHabitat: mesic

Ratings are the reporting organisation’s own, on a 5-point scale. Always follow the product label — the label is the law. See these 7 rows in the full table

Gallery · 9 · iNaturalist
open-licensed photos · click any to view its source
Where documented · 87 ahupuaʻa
documented occurrences · iNaturalist + GBIF · iNaturalist 198 · GBIF 288 records
Waikīkī · OʻahuiNat 34 · GBIF 57 ✓
Honolulu · OʻahuiNat 21 · GBIF 25 ✓
ʻAiea · OʻahuiNat 14 · GBIF 22 ✓
Kuliʻouʻou · OʻahuiNat 12 · GBIF 16 ✓
Waiʻanae · OʻahuiNat 10 · GBIF 8 ✓
Kailua · OʻahuiNat 9 · GBIF 8 ✓
Honokahua · MauiiNat 6 · GBIF 10 ✓
Waimānalo · OʻahuiNat 3 · GBIF 10 ✓
Pūpūkea · OʻahuiNat 6 · GBIF 5 ✓
Hauʻula · OʻahuiNat 2 · GBIF 8 ✓
Hanalei · KauaʻiiNat 5 · GBIF 5 ✓
Wailua · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 8 ✓
Waipiʻo · OʻahuiNat 5 · GBIF 4 ✓
Kalihi · OʻahuiNat 4 · GBIF 4 ✓
Honouliuli · OʻahuiNat 2 · GBIF 5 ✓
Waiākea · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 6 ✓
Waimea · KauaʻiiNat 3 · GBIF 3 ✓
Kamoku · LānaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 4 ✓
South Olohena · KauaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 3 ✓
East Makaīwa · MauiiNat 3 · GBIF 2 ✓
Keaʻau · HawaiʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 3 ✓
Waikahekaheiki · HawaiʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 2 ✓
Maunalua · OʻahuiNat 2 · GBIF 2 ✓
Keahuolū · HawaiʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 2 ✓
Kahakuloa · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 2 ✓
Honolua · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 2 ✓
Hanakaʻōʻō · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 2 ✓
Honopou · MauiiNat 2 · GBIF 1 ✓
Keʻei 2 · HawaiʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kaluako‘i · MolokaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 1 ✓
Mokulēʻia 1 · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kahanui · MolokaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Puʻukapu · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kaulanamauna · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kalaoa 1-5 · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kalapakī · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Keaʻau · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Keāliaaupuni · LānaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Heʻeia · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kalulu · LānaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Makaʻehu · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kahana · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Paomai · LānaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Honopueo · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kahauiki · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Waikapū · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Hauola · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Moanalua · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kamananui · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Nānākuli · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Paumalū · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kalāheo · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓